Troublemaker. Sinner. Rebel. Pagan. Jew. Heretic. Infidel. These were among the most common terms early Christian writers used to characterize Abraham’s slave and concubine Hagar. Mentioned only briefly in the Old Testament, the lowly maidservant was conventionally cast as a villainess, reflecting the patriarchal biases and prejudices of the bible and its interpreters. Paul’s allegorical reading of Hagar in Galatians 4Hagar as a kind of enemy of the Christian Churchassured her ignominy. Hagar’s tale is among the more disturbing, complex accounts of a female figure in the Old Testament, a tragic tale of servitude and heir-making surrogacy, followed by expulsion and exile. Sellin looks at Dutch painting to recover Hagar’s reputation. Hagar was a major preoccupation in the seventeenth-century Dutch Golden Age, as the many versions of her story in literature and art demonstrate. She is treated with an unprecedented degree of sympathy, mercy, and dignity. The Dutch transformed the outcast into a symbol of redemption and a model of maternity. Hagar’s story was interpreted as a didactic domestic drama, touching on topics such as family break-ups, extramarital sex, rivalry between women over men, sibling rivalry, and struggles between husbands and wives and masters and servants. Hagar’s story fired the imagination because it offered Dutch artists the equivalent of a modern soap opera. But it also revealed what mattered most to the Dutch and perhaps lay at the heart of the fledgling Republic’s success and survival. This included the primacy of the family, an emphasis on domestic well being, and the maintenance of ideal civic order. The paintings reflect that the Dutch developed a tenderness, understanding, and compassion for Hagar that the world had never seen before. Exile in scripture, cast off by Paul, Hagar found refuge among the burghers of the Dutch Republic and given pride of place on the walls of their homes. >
**Discover the Untold Story of Hagar Through the Eyes of Dutch Masters: Fractured Families and Rebel Maidservants by Christine Petra Sellin** Delve into the captivating and often misunderstood narrative of Hagar, the biblical figure, as re-imagined and re-interpreted by 17th-century Dutch artists and writers. In "Fractured Families and Rebel Maidservants: The Biblical Hagar in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art and Literature," Christine Petra Sellin unveils a fascinating exploration of Hagar's evolving image, from biblical outcast to a symbol of redemption and maternal strength within the domestic sphere of the Dutch Golden Age. For centuries, Hagar has been depicted through a lens of patriarchal bias, often labeled as a "troublemaker," "sinner," and "heretic." Sellin challenges this conventional portrayal by examining the wealth of Dutch paintings and literary works that offer a radically different perspective. During this era, Hagar's story resonated deeply with the Dutch populace, becoming a focal point for exploring themes of family dynamics, social order, and individual compassion. This groundbreaking study reveals how Dutch artists and writers transformed Hagar from a marginalized figure into a complex and sympathetic character. Her story, fraught with servitude, surrogacy, expulsion, and exile, became a mirror reflecting the social concerns and values of the burgeoning Dutch Republic. Sellin masterfully illustrates how the Dutch Golden Age, a period known for its artistic innovation and burgeoning middle class, found in Hagar's plight a captivating drama akin to a modern soap opera, replete with extramarital affairs, sibling rivalry, and conflicts between masters and servants. Beyond the captivating drama, Sellin argues that the Dutch fascination with Hagar reveals the core values underpinning the Republic's success: the sanctity of family, the importance of domestic well-being, and the maintenance of a stable civic order. The book meticulously analyzes key artworks, demonstrating how Dutch painters imbued Hagar with a tenderness and understanding previously unseen in artistic representations. This compassionate depiction of Hagar as a mother, an exile, and an individual grappling with injustice, offered a powerful counterpoint to traditional interpretations and provided a space for the Dutch to reflect on their own ideals of mercy and social responsibility. "Fractured Families and Rebel Maidservants" offers a rich tapestry of art history, biblical studies, and cultural analysis, offering new insights into the social and artistic landscape of the Dutch Golden Age. Sellin's meticulous research and engaging prose bring to life a compelling story of how a biblical "villainess" found refuge and recognition within the walls of Dutch homes, ultimately becoming a symbol of hope and resilience. Explore the complexities of Hagar's journey and discover how the Dutch Golden Age reshaped her narrative into a testament to the power of compassion and the enduring strength of the human spirit.