Without Justification (MIT Press)

Dive into a radical re-evaluation of knowledge and belief with Jonathan Sutton's groundbreaking book, *Without Justification (MIT Press)*. This New Edition challenges a fundamental assumption in contemporary epistemology: that justification and knowledge are distinct entities. Sutton boldly argues that justified belief *is* knowledge, not through an expansion of what constitutes knowledge, but rather through a rigorous reduction of what qualifies as justified belief. Prepare to question long-held assumptions as Sutton dismantles the prevailing view, asserting that false justified beliefs simply do not exist. Sutton meticulously constructs his case, suggesting the modern distinction between justified belief and knowledge is a recent invention, alien to the classical philosophical tradition. He invites readers to reconsider the wisdom of ancient and modern thinkers who implicitly equated justification with knowledge itself. This is not merely an academic exercise; Sutton contends that our current reliance on a separate notion of justification is not only unnecessary but actively hinders our understanding of epistemology. *Without Justification* proposes a leaner, more robust epistemological framework centered on knowledge alone. Sutton delves into critical areas such as testimony and evidence, offering fresh perspectives rooted in the concept of knowledge. He tackles complex subjects including deductive and inductive inference, the internalism/externalism debate, functionalism, and notorious paradoxes like the preface and lottery paradoxes, providing compelling arguments for his radical stance. Sutton doesn't shy away from challenging established philosophical norms, offering a refreshing perspective on these intricate issues. This book isn't just for seasoned philosophers; it's a call to action for anyone grappling with questions of truth and belief. Sutton implores readers, both philosopher and layperson, to embrace a more grounded approach: believe only what you know to be true and accept testimony only from those you know possess genuine knowledge. While seemingly radical in the context of contemporary epistemology's established norms, Sutton argues that these principles are, in reality, intuitive and reflect a more natural way of engaging with the world. *Without Justification* provides a compelling and thought-provoking journey through the landscape of epistemology, offering a provocative thesis that is sure to spark debate and reshape your understanding of knowledge, belief, and the pursuit of truth. A must-read for anyone interested in challenging conventional wisdom and exploring the foundations of human understanding. This book has been praised for its clarity and the way in which Sutton takes on established and complicated topics in epistemology. It challenges readers to think deeply and to reconsider what they have come to accept as truth. Explore the intersection of Christian thought, philosophy, politics, and epistemology within this unique volume. A Bradford Book, *Without Justification* is poised to become a cornerstone of epistemological discussion for years to come. This is not just a book; it's an invitation to a philosophical revolution.